No IFF system fits inside a loitering munition, so fratricide risk is managed by geographic deconfliction alone

IFF transponders that could prevent friendly-fire incidents are too heavy (200g+) and power-hungry (5W+) for sub-5kg loitering munitions. Instead, fratricide prevention relies entirely on geographic kill boxes -- defined areas where anything moving is presumed hostile. But kill boxes require accurate, real-time friendly force tracking that frequently fails in contested environments where GPS is jammed and radio links are intermittent. This means a loitering munition operator may have outdated friendly positions and engage a vehicle that moved into the kill box since the last Blue Force Tracker update. This persists because miniaturizing IFF to fit loitering munition size, weight, and power constraints requires semiconductor integration that no manufacturer has prioritized.